Boundary-aware self-distillation for safety refusal

Hugging Face published the paper “Safety for Whom? Boundary-Aware Self-Distillation for Controlled LLM Safety Refusal”, arguing that topic-level guards (e.g. LlamaGuard-3) and benchmarks like XSTest and OR-Bench cause safe prompts to be refused. The paper formalizes a topic universe (political prompts) containing a target-harmful subset and studies training and evaluation methods to refuse the harmful subset while answering the benign complement.

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